386 research outputs found
Laws and Conventions in Language-Related Behaviors
The goal of this article is to look at language-related behaviors in light of a strict definition of direct perception. I highlight a key dimension, conventionality, which discriminates between behaviors that are coordinated with respect to law-based information and those that are not (and, therefore, do not qualify as direct perception according to the definition used in this article). The difference between conventional and law-based information does not break down clearly along obvious lines such as natural versus human-made, social versus nonsocial, or linguistic versus nonlinguistic. Therefore, it is necessary to take a task-specific approach to deciding whether a behavior is organized with respect to conventional or law-based information. A tacit assumption in ecological psychology seems to be that anything that has an effect on behavior must be grounded in the perception of an affordance and, therefore, must be guided by law-based information. In this article, I question this assumption. I suggest, instead, that ecological information can be based on both laws and conventions. This move allows us to maintain rigorous definitions of affordances and direct perception, suitable for underpinning action-control, while still expanding the ecological study of behaviors into those that rely on conventional information
Scoping review of cytolytic vaginosis literature
Background: Cytolytic vaginosis (CV) is a little-known, controversial condition that is typically not considered for women presenting with vulvovaginitis symptoms. Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to identify and compile the global evidence on CV.
Methods: A medical librarian searched Prospero, Wiley Cochrane Library, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, EBSCO CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Scopus, from inception to April 4, 2019 and updated to October 17, 2021. Studies were eligible if they discussed CV. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection and data extraction.
Results: Sixty-four studies were identified, with 67% of studies (n = 43) published since 2007. Studies were from around the world, including the United States (28%, n = 18), Brazil (11%, n = 7), Portugal (11%, n = 7), and China (11%, n = 7). Fifty percent of studies (n = 32) were reviews; the remainder were observational; and of these, 78% (n = 25) were cross-sectional. The most frequent topics included: diagnosis (19%, n = 12), prevalence (17%, n = 11), and overview of CV (50%, n = 32). Evidence for prevalence in symptomatic women (median prevalence of 5%, interquartile range 3%-8%) was based only on 16% of studies (n = 10) with minimal evidence on prevalence in asymptomatic women and across different geographic regions. Microbiological findings, including abundant lactobacilli and fragmented epithelial cells, were found useful to distinguish between CV and vulvovaginal candidiasis, and Lactobacillus crispatus was noted to dominate the vaginal flora in women with CV. Most studies used subjective criteria to diagnose CV as the condition lacks gold-standard microscopic criteria. The suggested primary treatment (baking soda irrigations) was largely based on expert opinion, and there was minimal evidence on associations between CV and other conditions.
Conclusion: Knowledge gaps currently exist in all realms of CV research. Additional research is needed to confirm the validity of CV and ensure that women are diagnosed and treated effectively.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Special Libraries, May 1916
Volume 7, Issue 5https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1916/1004/thumbnail.jp
The course of the cystic artery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Proper recognition of the particular structures that form the triangle of Calot is
essential for the proper and safe performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Proper recognition, ligation, and cut of the cystic duct and cystic artery
with branches (dorsal and ventral) remain an integral condition for the removal
of the gallbladder. Calot’s triangle, as an orientation structure, determines the
most common location of the cystic artery. The triangle of Calot is one of the
most variable regions of the abdomen in terms of anatomy. The aim of this
study was to evaluate how important for surgery is the detailed anatomical
recognition of the main branches of the cystic artery in Calot’s triangle during
laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Relations of the main branches of the cystic artery were evaluated in 88 patients
that underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Department of General
Surgery of the District Specialistic Hospital of Lublin. The anatomical relations
of cystic duct and artery were classified into typical and variant types.
Significantly more frequently variants of cystic artery were observed in women.
However, the time of the procedure was not significantly related with the type
of cystic artery
Ecological mechanisms in cognitive science
© The Author(s) 2019. In 2010, Bechtel and Abrahamsen defined and described what it means to be a dynamic causal mechanistic explanatory model. They discussed the development of a mechanistic explanation of circadian rhythms as an exemplar of the process and challenged cognitive science to follow this example. This article takes on that challenge. A mechanistic model is one that accurately represents the real parts and operations of the mechanism being studied. These real components must be identified by an empirical programme that decomposes the system at the correct scale and localises the components in space and time. Psychological behaviour emerges from the nature of our real-time interaction with our environments—here we show that the correct scale to guide decomposition is picked out by the ecological perceptual information that enables that interaction. As proof of concept, we show that a simple model of coordinated rhythmic movement, grounded in information, is a genuine dynamical mechanistic explanation of many key coordination phenomena
Track Finding Efficiency in BaBar
We describe several studies to measure the charged track reconstruction
efficiency and asymmetry of the BaBar detector. The first two studies measure
the tracking efficiency of a charged particle using and initial state
radiation decays. The third uses the decays to study the asymmetry in
tracking, the fourth measures the tracking efficiency for low momentum tracks,
and the last measures the reconstruction efficiency of particles. The
first section also examines the stability of the measurements vs BaBar running
periods.Comment: 20 pages, 30 figures, Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in
Physics Research
Implementation of electroweak corrections in the POWHEG BOX: single W production
We present a fully consistent implementation of electroweak and strong
radiative corrections to single W hadroproduction in the POWHEG BOX framework,
treating soft and collinear photon emissions on the same ground as coloured
parton emissions. This framework can be easily extended to more complex
electroweak processes. We describe how next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak
corrections are combined with the NLO QCD calculation, and show how they are
interfaced to QCD and QED shower Monte Carlo. The resulting tool fills a gap in
the literature and allows to study comprehensively the interplay of QCD and
electroweak effects to W production using a single computational framework.
Numerical comparisons with the predictions of the electroweak generator HORACE,
as well as with existing results on the combination of electroweak and QCD
corrections to W production, are shown for the LHC energies, to validate the
reliability and accuracy of the approachComment: 31 pages, 7 figures. Minor corrections, references added and updated.
Final version to appear in JHE
Simulation of the cosmic ray tau neutrino telescope (CRTNT) experiment
A tau lepton can be produced in a charged current interaction by cosmic ray
tau neutrino with material inside a mountain. If it escapes from the mountain,
it will decay and initiate a shower in the air, which can be detected by an air
shower fluorescence/Cherenkov light detector. Designed according to such a
principle, the Cosmic Ray Tau Neutrino Telescope (CRTNT) experiment, located at
the foothill of Mt. Balikun in Xinjiang, China, will search for very
high-energy cosmic tau neutrinos from energetic astrophysical sources by
detecting those showers. This paper describes a Monte Carlo simulation for a
detection of tau neutrino events by the CRTNT experiment. Ultra-high-energy
cosmic ray events are also simulated to estimate the potential contamination.
With the CRTNT experiment composed of four detector stations, each covering 64
by 14 degrees field of view, the expected event rates are 28.6, 21.9 and 4.7
per year assuming AGN neutrino flux according to Semikoz et. al. 2004, MPR AGN
jet model and SDSS AGN core model, respectively. Null detection of such tau
event by the CRTNT experiment in one year could set 90% C.L. upper limit at
19.9 (eV^-1 cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1) for E^-2 neutrino spectrum.Comment: 14 page
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